Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Bhajan)

Bhajans are basically musical prayers. They are sung with devotion in relation to goddesses and gods in the Hindhu pantheon. The name Bhajan is given to any type of Indian devotional song in general.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Bhajan)

Bhajans are basically musical prayers. They are sung with devotion in relation to goddesses and gods in the Hindhu pantheon. The name Bhajan   is given to any type of Indian   devotional song in general. The word ‘Bhaj’ meaning to serve or to love the divine is the root for the term Bhajan. Having no fixed form, it may be as simple as a   set of verses or as sophisticated as the   classical  musical notes.

A bhajan is normally lyrical, expressing love, devotion and surrender to the divine. Hence its importance to the   Bhakthi movement   that spread from the south of India throughout the entire subcontinent is paramount. The subject of bhajans covers a wide range of topics like descriptions of gods, episodes from scriptures, the teachings of saints and social conditions also, all related to the divine.

Bhajan singing has acquired different traditions with respect to the different regions of the country they evolved from. The traditional South Indian form is called Sampradhāya Bhajan. The compositions of the Nāyanārs and Āzhwārs of Thamizhnāḍu and the Dhāsas of Karṇāṭaka and many others formed the core of this tradition. The   kīrthan as   or songs in the Haridhāsa   tradition are related to the Bhajan form. From the northern part of the continent, Nānak,   Kabīr,   Mīrā,   Sūrdhās   and   Thulasīdhās   are notable composers. Bhajans   by these   and a few others like Narotthama Dhās are considered to be classic. The languages of their work are influenced by several dialects of Hindi and are widely enjoyed even among those who do not speak Hindi. Other than the above, traditions of Bhajan such as Nirguṇi, Gorakhanāthi, Vallabhapanthi, Aṣhṭachhāp, Madhhura-Bhakthi etc. each have their own repertoire and methods of singing.

It is interesting to note that the   Dhrupad   style in Hindhusthāni music and the Sūfi   qawwāli are inspired by the Bhajan form.   In the present period of time, the Bhajan form influences all age groups and is considered the easiest way to connect to the Divine.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga:

Thāḷa: Ādhi

Composer: Mīrā Bāī

Language: Hindhi

Meaning- Word by word & Overall: Team Ambalam

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

 

Ho Ramaiya Bin Nīndh Na Āve
Nīndh Na Āve Biraha Sathāve Prem Ki Āg Lagāve

Bin Piyā Jyoth Mandhir Andhiyāro Dhīpak Dayan Āve
Piyā Bin Meri Saz Aluni Jāgath Rain Bihāve
Piyā Kab Āve . Ramaiya Bin ....

Dadur Mor Papīhā Bole Koyal Sabad Sunāve
Ghumat Ghhatā Ular Hui Āyi Dhāmini Damak Darāve
Nain Jhar Lāve . Ramiya Bin ....

 

Ko Hai Meri Sakhhi Saheli Sajani Piyā Ko Ān Milāve
Mīrā Ke Prabhu Kare Miloge Manmohan Mohe Bhāve
Kab Bathlāve . Ramaiya Bin ....

 

 

Meaning:

Ho Ramaiya Bin Nīndh Na Āve
Nīndh Na Āve Biraha Sathāve Prem Ki Āg Lagāve

 

Ho – Oh! ; Ramaiya –the beloved;

 Bin – without; Nīndh – sleep; 

Na – has not; Āve – come;
Nīndh Na Āve – sleep evades me;

 Biraha – separation; Sathāve – troubles;

 Prem – love; Ki – of; Āg – fire; Lagāve – ignites

 

Oh! I cannot sleep without my beloved. Sleep evades me as separation from my beloved troubles me with the fire of love being ignited.



Bin Piyā Jyoth Mandhir Andhiyāro Dhīpak Dayan Āve
Piyā Bin Meri Saz Aluni Jāgath Rein Bihāve
Piyā Kab Āve ( Ramaiya Bin ....)

 

Bin – without; Piyā – beloved;

Jyoth – light; Mandhir – temple;

Andhiyāro – darkness; Dhīpak – light;

 Dayan - ; Āve – coming;
Piyā Bin – without beloved;  Meri – my;

 Saz Aluni  - slow breath; Jāgath –to be awake; Rein – time,spirit

 Bihāve - disturbed
Piyā  - beloved; Kab Āve – when will he come? (Ramaiya Bin ....)

Without the light (my beloved), the temple is dark. The lights are dim, my breath is slow and my spirit is disturbed without my beloved. When will my beloved come?

Dadur Mor Papīhā Bole Koyal Sabad Sunāve
Ghumat Ghhatā Ular Hui Āyi Dhāmini Damak Darāve
Nain Jhar Lāve (Ramiya Bin ....)

 

Dadur - ; Mor – peacock;

 Papīhā – cuckoo; Bole – says (sings)

Koyal – nightingale; Sabad – word, sound;

Sunāve – make you listen;
Ghumat -  moving; Ghhatā – thecloud;

 Ular – Hui – has happened;

 Āyi – came; Dhāmini – the sky;

 Damak – shine; Darāve -
Nain – eye; Jhar  - tears; Lāve – bringing; (Ramiya Bin ....)

 

The peacock and the cuckoo make sounds, the nightingale sings, the moving clouds happen to be……the sky is shining, all these bring tears to my eyes.

 

 

Ko Hai Meri Sakhhi Saheli Sajani Piyā Ko Ān Milāve
Mīrā Ke Prabhu Kare Miloge Manmohan Mohe Bhāve
Kab Bathlāve (Ramaiya Bin ....)

 

Ko - who; Hai – is there;

 Meri – my; Sakhhi – friend;

Saheli – friend; Sajani – lover (female); Piyā – lover(male);

 Ko –to;  Ān – eyes;  Milāve – meet;

Mīrā – Meerabai; Ke - of; Prabhu – Lord;

 Kare – does; Miloge  - will u meet;

Manmohan – charmer;  Mohe – me;

Bhāve – in mind; Kab – when; Bathlāve  - can I say? (Ramaiya Bin ....)

 

 

Who else is there O friend of mine, who can meet his eyes? The lord of Meera, the charmer is in my mind. When will I be able to say it to him?

 

Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Miśhra Yaman

Thāḷa: Ādhi

Composer: Rangeśhwar

Language: Marāṭhī

Meaning - Word by word: Team Ambalam with inputs from Dr. Shilpa Pandit

Meaning - Overall: Priyadarshini Govind

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

Rusali Rādhhā Rusala Mādhhava Rusale Gokula Sāre

Kunjavani Nathi kahi Rusala Tharuvari Dhanuvari Rāje

 

Kithi Konāche Dhharuni Abola Rusuni Baisale Mohana Rādhhā


Koṇi Vadhāve Ādhi Nakaḷe

 

Meaning

Rusali Rādhhā Rusala Mādhhava Rusale Gokula Sāre

Rusali - she is sulking, upset, angry etc.; Rādhhā – that Radha;

 Rusala - he is sulking, upset, angry etc.; Mādhhava -   that Krishna;

Rusale Gokula Sāre – the whole of Gokula is upset.

Kunjavani Nathi kahi Rusala Tharuvari Dhanuvari Rāje

Kunjavani Nathi kahi Rusala Tharuvari Dhanuvari Rāje

 

Kithi Konāche Dhharuni Abola Rusuni Baisale Mohana Rādhhā

 

Kithi - how; Konāche – with whom; Dhharuni – to hold on; Abola – not speaking;

 

 Rusuni – upset and sulking; Baisale – sitting; Mohana – Krishna; Rādhhā - Radha



Koṇi Vadhāve Ādhi Nakaḷe

 

Koṇi - who; Vadhāve – will speak; Ādhi – first; Nakaḷe – do not know

 

Radha is sulking and so is Krishna. The entire town of Gokula is upset because they are sulking. How long can they hold on without speaking to one another? Krishna and Radha are sitting with upset and sulking.

 

 

Note:

 

Looking at Krishna with other girls, Radha is upset. While Krishna tries to pacify Radha, looking at her anger, Krishna is upset. Looking at both of them upset, entire nature is upset. The bees separate from the flowers, the peacocks do not dance, the birds argue - all of nature is angry. 

 Who is going to speak first? Who is going to give in?

1 Ramaiya Bin Nīndh click here
2 Rusali Rādhhā click here












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