Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Javali)

The word "Jāvaḷi" is derived from the Kannaḍa word "Jāvaḍi" which means lewd poetry. The jāvaḷi came into existence in the nineteenth century.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Javali)

The word "Jāvaḷi" is derived from the Kannaḍa word "Jāvaḍi" which means lewd poetry. The jāvaḷi came into existence in the nineteenth century. While Padham is dignified and deals mostly with love for god / love of god, the Jāvaḷi is a much lighter form and is erotic in nature. The themes revolve around human relationships and are very sensuous. The tunes are light, catchy and appealing owing to which the Javalis are popular. The language is colloquial. The music in Jāvaḷi sis lighter, the language is colloquial and a lot of humor and satire is employed.

Padhams and Jāvaḷi are scholarly compositions in the classical genre on the theme of Śhrungāra Rasa, depicting the Nāyaka Nāyaki bhāva. Padhams are dignified compositions, describing Madhhura Bhakthi, sung in slow tempo which requires immense skill and expertise to master. Jāvaḷis are dazzling pieces which are sung in a faster tempo.

Padhams and Jāvaḷi are performed in the second half of a dance concert. Jāvaḷis treat love in a lighthearted manner. The poetry and the music selected are catchy. As Padhams, Jāvaḷi too are love songs. Jāvaḷi are sung mostly in the Nāyaka, Nāyaki and Sakhi bhāvas. Jāvaḷi talk of love that is worldly and human. In the poetry one will find the character craving for the love of a person full of human and worldly desires and motives. While dealing with human relationships, sometimes the Jāvaḷis contain contents of sensuous and erotic nature.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Khamās

Thāḷa: Thripuṭa

Composer: Naraharidhāsa

Language: Kannada

Lyrics (Original): Courtesy - Kannaḍa Jāvaḷigaḷu; Ed- K.V.Āchār; Published – Bangalore University

Meanings – Word by word & Overall: Team Ambalam

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 



Pallavi:

Māthāḍa Bāradhéno Mā Ramaṇane Prīthigolidha Prāṇakāntheyoḍane bandhu (Māthāḍa)


Anupallavi:

Aṅgakke Beḷadhingaḷ Bisilāgi Thoritho

Andhavuḷḷa dhehakānthi gundhitho Svāmi (Māthāḍa)

 

Charaṇam 1:

Mandha Mārutha Bandhu Maruḷu Māḍitho Svāmi

Bhrungāradha Dhhwani Kéḷi Prīthiyāyitho Priya

Śhrīṣha Gopālane Dhāsana Karuṇisi

Pōṣhisa Békaiyya Śhrī Vénkaṭeśhaiyya Nīnu (Māthāḍa)

 

Meaning:

Pallavi:

Māthāḍa Bāradhéno Mā Ramaṇane Prīthigolidha Prāṇakāntheyoḍane bandhu (Māthāḍa)

Māthāḍa – to speak; Bāradhéno – should you not? ;

 Mā - Lakṣhmi; Ramaṇane – Lord of;

 Prīthige – for love; olidha –who has affection/love; Prāṇakānthe – beloved;

oḍane – with; bandhu – having come;

 

O lord of Lakshmi, Should you not come and talk to your beloved, who has so much affection for you out of love?

 


Anupallavi:

Aṅgakke Beḷadhingaḷ Bisilāgi Thoritho

Andhavuḷḷa dhehakānthi gundhitho Svāmi (Māthāḍa)

 

Aṅgakke – for the body; Beḷadhingaḷ - the moonlight;

 Bisilāgi – is the heat; Thoritho – seems like;

Andhavuḷḷa – beautiful; dheha – body;

Kānthi –lustre; gundhitho – dimmed; Svāmi – O Lord! (Māthāḍa)(Should you not speak?)

 

The moonlight seems like heat to the body. The lustre of my beautiful body has dimmed, O Lord! (Should you not speak?)

 

 

Charaṇam :

Mandha Mārutha Bandhu Maruḷu Māḍitho Svāmi

Bhrungāradha Dhhwani Kéḷi Prīthiyāyitho Priya

Śhrīṣha Gopālane Dhāsana Karuṇisi

Pōṣhisa Békaiyya Śhrī Vénkaṭeśhaiyya Nīnu (Māthāḍa)

 

Mandha – slow; Mārutha – wind/breeze;

 Bandhu – having come; Maruḷu – delusion;

 Māḍitho – has done;  Svāmi – O Lord!

Bhrungāradha – of the honey-bee; Dhhwani – sound;

 Kéḷi – having heard; Prīthi – love;

Āyitho –happens, does; Priya – O beloved!

Śhrīṣha – the Lord of Lakshmi; Gopālane – O protector of cows! ;

 Dhāsana – the devotee; Karuṇisi – to be compassionate;

Pōṣhisa – to protect; Béku – to do;

aiyya – Lord; Śhrī Vénkaṭeśhaiyya – Lord Śhrī Vénkaṭeśha

 Nīnu – you; (Māthāḍa)(Should you not speak?)

 

O Lord! The slow breeze deludes me. O beloved! The sound of honey bees evokes love. O lord of Lakshmi and the protector of cows! Be compassionate to your devotee and protect me. O Vénkaṭeśha! Should you not speak?

 

 





Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Kamās

Thāḷa: Ādhi

Composer: Dhharmapuri Subbarāya Iyer

Language: Thelugu

Meanings – Word by word: Team Ambalam

Meanings – Overall: Rasikas.Org

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

Pallavi:

Mārubāri Thālanénurā rā Nā sāmi

 

Charanam1:

Māruni Bariki Nentani Thāludhura Ne Jara Śhikhāmai Rā rā

 

Charanam 2:

Chena Rammani Ninnu Ena Védudhura Nī Panamu Cheyarurā Rā

 

Meanings:

Pallavi:

Māru – Manmatha(Cupid); bāri – arrows;

Thālanénurā – am unable to bear;  rā Nā sāmi – come my Lord !

Come My Lord! I Cannot Bear The Pain Of the Arrows Of Manmatha (Love)

 

Charana1:

Maruni – of cupid; Bariki  - pain;

Nentani  -?      Taludura – unable to bear; Ne –by me

 Jara =Lover/Adulterer; Śhikhāmai - Crown Jewel; Rā rā – come,come!

 

 

How Much Can I Bear The Pain Of Kama? Please Come O! Master Of lovemaking!

Charana2:

 

Chena –quickly; Rammani – to come;

Ninnu – to you; Ena – how much? 

Védudhura – am requesting; Nī – you

 Panamu – stubbornness; Cheyarurā- do not do so; Rā – come!

How Much Can I Plea You To Come Near Me! Do Not Be Stubborn Please Come!

 

1 Māthāḍa Bāradhéno (Kannada) click here
2 Marubāri Thālalénura (Thelugu) click here












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