Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Devaranama)

Dhévaranāmas (names of the Lord/God) were the Bhakthi compositions that were the outcome of the Bhakthi movement in South India, especially Karnāṭaka during 13th century to 14th century CE, whose main objective was to promote Dvaitha philosophy of Madhvāchārya through literature.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Devaranama)

Dhévaranāmas (names of the Lord/God) were the Bhakthi compositions that were the outcome of the Bhakthi movement in South India, especially Karnāṭaka during 13th century to 14th century CE, whose main objective was to promote Dvaitha philosophy of Madhvāchārya through literature. The compositions were by Haridhāsas who were saints, philosophers or plain wandering bards and thus, this part or section of literature came to be known as "dhāsa sāhithya" or the literature of the servants of the Lord.  Though the compositions were mainly on the concept of Hari bhakthi and are about Hari or Kriṣhṇa, a few composers also composed Dhévaranāmas using social values, morals and virtues as a theme. There are Dhévaranāmas composed on goddesses too. These compositions took an important and prominent place not only in the world of literature, but also in the vast field of art, especially Bharathanātyam. 

Śhrī Pādharāja Thīrtha is well-known as the grandfather of Haridhāsas (Haridhāsa Pithāmaha). Śhrī Purandhhara Dhāsa and Śhrī Kanaka Dhāsa were the chief architects.

If we look at the entire Haridhāsa Literature, one can divide into three categories. They are; General compositions, Kāvya or poetic compositions, thatthva or philosophic compositions/literature.

General compositions include all types of compositions which are very special. This can be further divided into the following groups; Kīrthanas, Ūghabhōgas, SūĪādhis, others.

Kīrthanas are the most attractive compositions of Haridhāsas. This is also called Dhévaranāma. Kīrthanas or Dhévaranāmas are melody based on technical compositions like Gītha whose purpose is to elucidate Rāga forms and Thāḷa patterns.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Māṇḍ

Thāḷa: Ādhi
Composer:
Kanaka Dhāsa
Language: Kannaḍa

Meaning – Word by word & Overall: Radhika Shetty (Rasikas.Org)

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

Pallavi

Bāro Kriṣhṇaiyya Ninna Bhakthara Manegīga
(Bāro)

 

Anupallavi

Bāro Ninna Mukha Thōrō Ninna Sari Yārō Jagadhara Śhīlane
(Bāro)

 

Charaṇam 1

Andhuge Padhagavu Kālandhuge Kiru Gejje Dhim Dhimi
Dhimi Dhimi Dhimi Enutha Pongoḷalanūdutha Bārayya
(Bāro)

 

Charaṇam 2 

Kaṅkaṅa Karadhalli Honnuṅgura Holeyutha Kinkiṇi Kiṇi Kiṇi Kiṇi Enutha
Pongoḷalanūdutha Bārayya
(Bāro)

 

Charaṇam 3

Vāsa Uḍupili Nelayādhikeśhavane Dhāsa Ninna Padha Dhāsa
Salahalu Bārayya
(Bāro)

 

 

Pallavi -

Bāro Kriṣhṇaiyya Ninna Bhakthara Manegīga
(Bāro)


Bāro = Come;

Kriṣhṇaiyya = Addressing Krishna As Kriṣhṇaiyya;

Ninna = Your
Bhaktara = Devotees;

Manegīga = House Now;

 

Come Kriṣhṇaiyya, Come To Your Devotees House Now.

 

Anupallavi

Bāro Ninna Mukha Thōrō Ninna Sari Yārō Jagadhara Śhīlane
(Bāro)


Bāro = Come;

Ninna = Your;

Mukha = Face;

Thōrō = Show;

Ninna = Your;

Sari = Equal
Yārō   Who;

Jagadhara = Addressing Kriṣhṇa as the lord of the Universe
Śhīlane = One with good nature;


Come, show your face, who is equal to you in this Universe/World?

Charaṇam 1

Andhuge Padhagavu Kālandhuge Kiru Gejje Dhim Dhimi
Dhimi Dhimi Dhimi Enutha Pongoḷalanūdutha Bārayya
(Bāro)

 

Andhuge = Ankles;

Padhagavu = Sandals (Made of wood, worn by the gods)
Kālandhuge = Ankles;

Kiru Small;

Gejje = Jingles/Anklets (Ghungroo In Hindi)
Dhim Dhimi Dhimi Dhimi Dhimi

Enutha = Jingles Make The Sound Dhim Dhimi
Pongola = Flute;

nūdutha = Playing;

Bārayya = Come

One who has sandals on his feet & small jingles that make the sound Dhim Dhimi worn on your ankles, come, playing the flute.

Charaṇam 2 

Kaṅkaṅa Karadhalli Honnuṅgura Holeyutha Kinkiṇi Kiṇi Kiṇi Kiṇi Enutha
Pongoḷalanūdutha Bārayya
(Bāro)

 

Kaṅkaṅa = Bangles;

Karadhalli = Hand;

Honnuṅgura = Gold ring;

Holeyutha = Sparkling
Kinkiṇi Kiṇi Kiṇi Kiṇi Enutha  = Bangles Make The Sound Kinkiṇi;

Pongoḷalanūdutha Bārayya = Playing The Flute;


One who has sparkling gold rings & has bangles in his hand that make the sound Kinkiṇi, come, playing the flute.

 

 

 

Charaṇam 3

Vāsa Uḍupili Nelayādhikeśhavane Dhāsa Ninna Padha Dhāsa
Salahalu Bārayya
(Bāro)


Vāsa = Stay;

 Uḍupili = In Udupi

Nelayādhi = Nelayādhi means "One who resides".;

Keśhavane = Adhi Keśhava

Dhāsa = Devotee;

Ninna = Your;

Padha = Feet;

Dhāsa = Devotee/Slave;

Salahalu - Is To Protect;

Bārayya = Come

Oh Keśhava, you stay in Udupi, I am a devotee at your feet, come & protect me, O Ādhi Keśhava!

 

Posted By: Administrator

Raaga: Shree;  

Thāḷa: Ādhi 

Composer: Purandharadhāsa

Meaning: http://meerasubbarao.wordpress.com

Language: Kannaḍa

 

Pallavi

Bhāgyadha lakṣhmi bāramma nammamma nī

saubhāgyada lakṣhmi bāramma||

 

Charaṇam 1

Hejjaya mele hejjeyanikkutha gejje kālgaḷa dhhvaniya māḍutha
sajjana sādhu pūjeya véḷege majjigeyoḷagina beṇṇeyanthe
(bhāgyada)

 

Charaṇam 2

Kanaka vruṣhṭiya kareyutha bāre manake mānava siddhiya thōre
dhinakara kōṭi théjadhi poḷeyuva janakarāyana kumāri béga
(Bhāgyadha )

 

Charaṇam 3

Śhanke illadhe bhāgyava koṭṭu kankaṇa kaiya thiruhutha bāre
kunkumānkitha pankaja lōchana venkaṭaramaṇana binkadha rāṇi
(Bhāgyadha )

 

Charaṇam 4

Sakkare thuppa kāluve harisi Śhukravāradha pūjeya véḷege
akkareyuḷḷa aḷagiri rangana chokka purandhara viṭṭhalana rāṇi
(Bhāgyadha )

 

Meanings:

 

Pallavi

Bhāgyadha lakṣhmi bāramma nammamma nī

saubhāgyada lakṣhmi bāramma||

 

Bhāgyadha lakṣhmi - God of Wealth; bāramma - please come;

  nammamma - Mother god; nī - yourself
saubhāgyada lakṣhmi bāramma - Ditto

 

Goddess of Wealth! Please come!

Charaṇam 1:

Hejjaya mele hejjeyanikkutha gejje kālgaḷa dhhvaniya māḍutha
sajjana sādhu pūjeya véḷege majjigeyoḷagina beṇṇeyanthe
(bhāgyada)

 

Hejjaya – footstep; 
 mele – upon;
hejjeyanikkutha - putting steps on steps;
 gejje - Anklets (ornament of silver with tiny bells) ;
kālgaḷa dhhvaniya māḍutha - giving musical sound of that tiny bells;
sajjana sādhu - worthy/holy or good men ;
 pūjeya véḷege - at the time of worship;
majjigeyoḷagina  - within the butter-milk
 beṇṇeyanthe - like butter
(bhāgyada)

 

Oh, Goddess of Fortune! Lakṣhmidhevi!
Do come slowly with your anklets making the jingling sound!
Come to us like butter emerging out of buttermilk when it is churned.


Charaṇam 2

Kanaka vruṣhṭiya kareyutha bāre manake mānava siddhiya thōre
dhinakara kōṭi théjadhi poḷeyuva janakarāyana kumāri béga
(Bhāgyadha )

 

Kanaka - Gold/Wealth; vruṣhṭiya -  Rain/shower ;

Kareyutha bāre - bring (with shower of gold);
manake – to the mind; mānava – human;

siddhiya thōre - show the success in getting it
dhinakara – Sun; kōṭi – Crore;  théjadhi – brightness;

 poḷeyuva- shining; janakarāyana- King Janaka; kumāri- daughter
béga- please come/early (Bhāgyadha )


Come and shower on us a rain of gold and fulfill our aspirations!
Come with the brightness of countless number of rays of the sun!
Come and bless us; Oh, Dhevi, who has taken incarnation as Sīthā!


Charaṇam 3

Śhanke illadhe bhāgyava koṭṭu kankaṇa kaiya thiruhutha bāre
kunkumānkitha pankaja lōchana venkaṭaramaṇana binkadha rāṇi
(Bhāgyadha )

 

Śhanke –doubt; illadhe – without;

 Bhāgyava – wealth; koṭṭu - by giving;
 kankaṇa kaiya - hands with bangles; 
 thiruhutha bāre - come with the sound of bangles
kunkumānkitha - marked with vermilion;

 pankaja lōchana - eyes like lotus;
venkaṭaramaṇana - of Lord Venkataramana
  binkadha rāṇi - coquetry queen
(Bhāgyadha )

 


Come and appear before us wearing the shining golden bracelets on your wrists and their sounds and the auspicious vermilion mark on your forehead! Oh, Consort of Lord Venkataramana, with your lotus-like eyes and the wish to give wealth without any doubt, come here.


Charaṇam 4

Sakkare thuppa kāluve harisi Śhukravāradha pūjeya véḷege
akkareyuḷḷa aḷagiri rangana chokka purandhara viṭṭhalana rāṇi
(Bhāgyadha )

 

Sakkare – sugar; thuppa - ghee
 kāluve – stream; harisi – create to flow;

 Śhukravāradha – of or on Friday; pūjeya véḷege- time of worship;
akkareyuḷḷa – affectionate; aḷagiri rangana- Lord Ranga (who is owner of Alagiri hill) ;

 Chokka –flawless; purandhara viṭṭhalana - of Purandhara Vitthala; rāṇi - queen
(Bhāgyadha )

 


Come to our worship on Friday when streams of ghee and sugar over flow! Oh, Queen of the affectionate Alagiri Ranga, who is also the flawless Purandhara Vitthala.

 

 

 

 

1 Bāro Kriṣhṇaiyya click here
2 Bhāgyadha Lakṣhmi Bāramma click here












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