Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Devaranama)

Dhévaranāmas (names of the Lord/God) were the Bhakthi compositions that were the outcome of the Bhakthi movement in South India, especially Karnāṭaka during 13th century to 14th century CE, whose main objective was to promote Dvaitha philosophy of Madhvāchārya through literature.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Devaranama)

Dhévaranāmas (names of the Lord/God) were the Bhakthi compositions that were the outcome of the Bhakthi movement in South India, especially Karnāṭaka during 13th century to 14th century CE, whose main objective was to promote Dvaitha philosophy of Madhvāchārya through literature. The compositions were by Haridhāsas who were saints, philosophers or plain wandering bards and thus, this part or section of literature came to be known as "dhāsa sāhithya" or the literature of the servants of the Lord.  Though the compositions were mainly on the concept of Hari bhakthi and are about Hari or Kriṣhṇa, a few composers also composed Dhévaranāmas using social values, morals and virtues as a theme. There are Dhévaranāmas composed on goddesses too. These compositions took an important and prominent place not only in the world of literature, but also in the vast field of art, especially Bharathanātyam. 

Śhrī Pādharāja Thīrtha is well-known as the grandfather of Haridhāsas (Haridhāsa Pithāmaha). Śhrī Purandhhara Dhāsa and Śhrī Kanaka Dhāsa were the chief architects.

If we look at the entire Haridhāsa Literature, one can divide into three categories. They are; General compositions, Kāvya or poetic compositions, thatthva or philosophic compositions/literature.

General compositions include all types of compositions which are very special. This can be further divided into the following groups; Kīrthanas, Ūghabhōgas, SūĪādhis, others.

Kīrthanas are the most attractive compositions of Haridhāsas. This is also called Dhévaranāma. Kīrthanas or Dhévaranāmas are melody based on technical compositions like Gītha whose purpose is to elucidate Rāga forms and Thāḷa patterns.

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Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Śhankarābharaṇa
Thāḷa: Eka
Composed By: Kanakadhāsa

Language: Kannaḍa

Meaning – Word by word: Meaning: Www.Tfmpage.Com/Hub

Meaning – Overall: Team Ambalam

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam



Pallavi

Indhu Sairisiri Śhrīkriṣhṇana Thappa
Mundhakke Nimma Manege Bāranamma

Charaṇam 1:

Maguvu Balludhe Iṣhṭu Beṇṇeya Kaddhare
Bigiyabahudhe Śhrīcharaṇavanu
Agaṇitha Mahimana Anjisalekamma
Bageyabāradhe Nimma Makkalanthe

Charaṇam 2:

Hasu Maguvanu Kanḍu Muddhisalolladhe
Pusiga Kaḷḷanendhu Kaṭṭuviri
Vasudhheyolage Nānobbaḷe Padedhene Nimma
Hasumaguvendhu Bhāvisabāradhe

Charanam 3:

Eṣhṭō Bāriyu Nā Béḍavendharu Kéḷa
Duṣhṭa Makkaḷa Kūḍa Oḍanāṭava
Kaṭṭidha Neluvina Beṇṇeyanivenu
Biṭṭu Kaluhiramma Ādhikeśhavana



Meaning:

Mother Yaśhodhhā is requesting the neighbours to pardon the mischief done by Kriṣhṇa.

Pallavi

Indhu Sairisiri Śhrīkriṣhṇana Thappa
Mundhakke Nimma Manege Bāranamma

Sairisiri - tolerate 

Thappa  - the mistake 

Śhrīkriṣhṇana -  of śhrīkriṣhṇa

Indhu - just for today
bāranamma - he won't come

Nimma  - to your

Manege - houses

Mundhakke - here afterwards

 

Just for today, do tolerate his mischief. He will not come to your houses again in the future.

Charanam 1:

Maguvu Balludhe Iṣhṭu Beṇṇeya Kaddhare
Bigiyabahudhe Śhrīcharaṇavanu
Agaṇitha Mahimana Anjisalekamma
Bageyabāradhe Nimma Makkalanthe

 

Maguvu  - small kid

Balludhe - what he knows,
kaddhare - just for taking

Iṣhṭu - a piece

Beṇṇeya - of butter
bigiyabahudhe - is it fair to bind

Śhrīcharaṇavanu  - his legs 
anjisalekamma - why do you scare/threaten

Agaṇitha mahimana – who has done inumerable miracles
bageyabāradhe - why don't you treat
nimma - him as your

Makkalanthe - child 

 

He is a small child and what does he know? Is it fair to bind his feet? Why do you scare him, who has done innumerable miracles? Why don’t you treat him like your own child?



Charanam 2:

Hasu Maguvanu Kanḍu Muddhisalolladhe
Pusiga Kaḷḷanendhu Kaṭṭuviri
Vasudhheyolage Nānobbaḷe Padedhene Nimma
Hasumaguvendhu Bhāvisabāradhe

 

Olladhe - instead

Muddhisa - of treating with love
Hasu maguvanu kanḍu - as a small kid
Pusiga - calling him as lier

Kaḷḷanendhu - thief
Kaṭṭuviri - and bind him
Nānobbaḷe - only myself

Padedhene  - is lucky enough to have
Vasudhheyolage  - him on this earth
Bhāvisabāradhe - why don't you treat him
Nimma - as your

Hasumaguvendhu - little kid

 

Instead of cuddling him as he is a small child, you call him a liar and a thief and bind him. Only I am lucky in this world to have him (as a child).why don’t you treat him as your own little child?

Charanam 3:

Eṣhṭō Bāriyu Nā Béḍavendharu Kéḷa
Duṣhṭa Makkaḷa Kūḍa Oḍanāṭava
Kaṭṭidha Neluvina Beṇṇeyanivenu
Biṭṭu Kaluhiramma Ādhikeśhavana

 

  - i

Eṣhṭō bāriyu  - also advice him so many times
Béḍavendharu - not

Kūḍa oḍanāṭava - to join 

Duṣhṭa makkaḷa - with naughty kids

Kéḷa  - does't listen to me
Beṇṇeyanivenu - I will give all the butter
Neluvina kaṭṭidha  - I have with me in the basket
Biṭṭu  - please release

Kaluhiramma Ādhikeśhavana  - send our Ādhikeśhavana 

 

I do advice him many times not to keep the company of mischievous children. But he doesn’t listen to me. I will give you all the butter stored by me in my basket, Please release Ādhikeśhava!

 

 

Posted By: Administrator

Rāga: Bhairavi
Thāḷa: Chāpu

Composer: Guru Śhrī Rāghavendhra Thīrthha
Language: Kannaḍa

Meaning – Word by word: ?

Meaning - Overall: Team Ambalam

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

 

 

Pallavi:

Indhu Enage Govindha Ninna Pādhāravindhava Thōrō Mukundha

Anupallavi

Sundhara Vadhanane Nandhagopiya Kandha
Mandaroddhhara Ānandha Indhirā Ramaṇa

Charanam 1

Nondhenayya Bhavabandhhanadhoḷu Siluki
Mundhe Dhari Kāṇadhe Kundhidhe Jagadhoḷu
Kandhanu Endhenna Kundhugaḷaneṇisadhe
Thandhe Kāyō Kriṣhṇa Kandharpajanakane

Charanam 2
Mūḍhathanadhi Bahu Héḍi Jīvananagi
Dhruḍa Bhakuthiyanu Māḍalillavo Hariye
Nōḍalillavō Ninna Pāḍalillavō Mahime
Gadikara Kriṣhṇa Béḍikombenō Ninna 

Charanam 3

Dhhāruṇiyolu Balu Bhāra Jīvananagi
Dhārithappi Naḍedhe Séridhe Kujanara
Āru Kāyuvarilla
Saridhe Ninagayya
Dhhīra Véṇugopāla Parigaṇisō Hariyé


Meaning of the song:

Pallavi:

Indhu Enage Govindha Ninna Pādhāravindhava Thōrō Mukundha

Indhu - today; Enage – to me;

 Govindha – O Govindha; Ninna - your
Pādhā – Feet; Avindhava – the Lotus

Thōrō- show; Mukundha - Mukundha

 

Govinda, bless me today, show your lotus like sacred feet, O Mukundha!

Anupallavi:

Sundhara Vadhanane Nandhagopiya Kandha
Mandharoddhhara Ānandha Indhirā Ramaṇa

Sundhara – beautiful; Vadhanane – having a face which is;

 Nandhagopiya – of Nandha, the cowherd; Kandha – the son;
Mandhara – the mountain Mandhara; Uddhhara – one who lifted

 Ānandha – blissful; Indhirā Ramaṇa  - husband of Lakshmi,

 

You are the son of Nandha, the cowherd; you have a beautiful face; you are the one who held the mountain Mandhara and you are the blissful consort of Lakshmi.

Charanam 1

Nondhenayya Bhavabandhhanadhoḷu Siluki
Mundhe Dhari Kāṇadhe Kundhidhe Jagadhoḷu
Kandhanu Endhenna Kundhugaḷaneṇisadhe
Thandhe Kāyō Kriṣhṇa Kandharpajanakane

O father of Cupid, please protect me as I were your own child, not taking into account my mistakes, as I suffered entangled in this transient world, becoming weak and not finding the path.

Charanam 2

Mūḍhathanadhi Bahu Héḍi Jīvananagi
Dhruḍa Bhakuthiyanu Māḍalillavo Hariye
Nōḍalillavō Ninna Pāḍalillavō Mahime
Gadikara Kriṣhṇa Béḍikombenō Ninna 

Héḍi  - I became coward 

Mūḍhathanadhi - with foolishness
Dhruḍa  - hari I did not perform determined

Bhakuthi - devotion
Mahime - I did not see; remember your greatness
Gadikara - I pray you Kriṣhṇa the creator

 

I pray to you, the creator now; earlier I was a coward and with foolishness did not offer devotion to you; see or remember your greatness.

Charanam 3

Dhhāruṇiyolu Balu Bhāra Jīvananagi
Dhārithappi Naḍedhe Séridhe Kujanara
Āru Kāyuvarilla
Saridhe Ninagayya
Dhhīra Véṇugopāla Parigaṇisō Hariyé

Balu bhāra  - my life became a burden

Dhhāruṇi - on this earth
Kujanara  - selected the wrong way 
Āru Kāyuvarilla  - there is nobody to protect me
Saridhe - submitted 

Ninagayya - to you all

 

My life is burden to me on this earth as I selected the wrong company and path. There is none to protect me, O Hari, you are the bravest one, Véṇugopāla, protect me.

1 Indhu Sairisiri click here
2 Indhu Yenage Govindha click here












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