Pronunciation and Phonetics

Learning proper pronunciation can be done without much knowledge of phonetics, actually. A basic knowledge, however, helps to make pronunciation clearer and thus facilitates the process of learning how to speak a foreign language properly.

eAmbalam introduces a phonetic chart which is based on Dhevanagari script. The sounds of vowels and consonants and other speech sounds in Sanskrit and the languages which have completely or mostly borrowed from it can be covered with the help of the chart. A few other sounds common to some languages in this group and outside are also put in. Unique sounds of some languages are specified too.

Diacritical marks are used to aid perfect pronunciation. World over, these marks have been created and propagated by scholars to make understanding of the differences in speech sounds in different languages better. Team eAmbalam also has created a phonetic chart which helps even first timers to pronounce words accurately.

Our Phonetic chart is unique, comprehensive, learner friendly and is divided into four columns wherein:
  • In the first column, the letter is written with the associated diacritical mark.
  • In the second column, an example is given in Dhevanagari language containing the letter.
  • In the third column, an example is given in English, which contains the sound closes to the letter or instructions in few cases, to facilitate better understanding.
  • In the fourth column, an audio button is placed with the help of which you can hear the actual pronunciation of the letter.
An open minded approach with the above introduction and guidelines will definitely enable the user to understand the speech sounds of any language and pronounce it like a native, which is eAmbalam’s aim in this exercise.

  VOWELS  
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
A or a Aḍavu Arise
Ā or ā Ānanda Vast
I or i Indhira Sing
Ī or ī Īśha Meal
U or u U ṣhā Good
Ū or ū Ū rdhhva Boost
R or r Riṣh i Try
Ṛ or ṛ Ni ṛ uti Grr!
Lr or lr   Pronounce L and R together.
E or e Eka Ate
AI or ai Aikya Sight
O or o Ojas Robe
AU or au Audh ā rya Now
A M or am Śhiva m Drum
A HA or aha R ā ma ha Aha!
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English


CONSONANTS
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English
KA or ka Kavi Car
KHA or kha Khalu Mark -Him
GA or ga Gamana Gut
GHA or gha Ghata Ugh!
Ṅ A or ṅa Tura ṅ ga Ring
CHA or ca Chakra Chart
CHHA or cha Chhandas Branch
JA or ja Jagath Jug
JHA or jha Jhallari Fudge
NYA or nya Gnyana Knew
Ṭ A or ṭ Ṭ anka Top
ṬHA or ṭha Pāṭha Pothole
ḌA or da Ḍ amaruka Dog
Ḍ HA or ḍ ha Mūḍ ha Madhouse
Ṇ A or ṇ a Ga ṇ a Wander
THA or tha Thanu Health
THHA or thha Athha Theater
DHA or dha Dha śha This
DHHA or dhha Dhhana m Dha with an additional H sound
NA or na Namask ā raha Nut
PA or pa   Path ā ka Past
PHA or pha Phala m P with a H sound
BA or ba Bandhhu Ball
BHA or bha Bhadra Abhor
MA or ma Manas Money
YA or ya Yama Yummy
RA or ra Rajas Rub
LA or la Lath ā Lust
VA or WA, va /wa A śh va or A śhwa Water/Valour
ŚHA or śha Śhakthi Shutter
ṢHA or ṣ ha Ṣh a ṇ mukha Shunt
SA or sa Sarasvatī Sun
HA or ha Hari Hum
Ḷ A or ḷ a Ar āḷ a Bold
KṢHA or k ṣ ha Ak ṣh i Try to pronounce Ka, Sa & Ha – all at one time.
Extra Vowels in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam Scripts    
É or é Éṇi Angel
Ō or ō Ō m Ō M
ZHA Exclusive to Tamil & Malayalam Fold the tip of your tongue backwards and try to pronounce it with the aid of the audio button.
Syllable Usage in Sanskrit Usage in English

Lyrics and Meanings (Bhajan)

Bhajans are basically musical prayers. They are sung with devotion in relation to goddesses and gods in the Hindhu pantheon. The name Bhajan is given to any type of Indian devotional song in general.

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Lyrics and Meanings (Bhajan)

Bhajans are basically musical prayers. They are sung with devotion in relation to goddesses and gods in the Hindhu pantheon. The name Bhajan   is given to any type of Indian   devotional song in general. The word ‘Bhaj’ meaning to serve or to love the divine is the root for the term Bhajan. Having no fixed form, it may be as simple as a   set of verses or as sophisticated as the   classical  musical notes.

A bhajan is normally lyrical, expressing love, devotion and surrender to the divine. Hence its importance to the   Bhakthi movement   that spread from the south of India throughout the entire subcontinent is paramount. The subject of bhajans covers a wide range of topics like descriptions of gods, episodes from scriptures, the teachings of saints and social conditions also, all related to the divine.

Bhajan singing has acquired different traditions with respect to the different regions of the country they evolved from. The traditional South Indian form is called Sampradhāya Bhajan. The compositions of the Nāyanārs and Āzhwārs of Thamizhnāḍu and the Dhāsas of Karṇāṭaka and many others formed the core of this tradition. The   kīrthan as   or songs in the Haridhāsa   tradition are related to the Bhajan form. From the northern part of the continent, Nānak,   Kabīr,   Mīrā,   Sūrdhās   and   Thulasīdhās   are notable composers. Bhajans   by these   and a few others like Narotthama Dhās are considered to be classic. The languages of their work are influenced by several dialects of Hindi and are widely enjoyed even among those who do not speak Hindi. Other than the above, traditions of Bhajan such as Nirguṇi, Gorakhanāthi, Vallabhapanthi, Aṣhṭachhāp, Madhhura-Bhakthi etc. each have their own repertoire and methods of singing.

It is interesting to note that the   Dhrupad   style in Hindhusthāni music and the Sūfi   qawwāli are inspired by the Bhajan form.   In the present period of time, the Bhajan form influences all age groups and is considered the easiest way to connect to the Divine.

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Rāga: Brundhāvan Sārang
Thāḷa: Dheśhādhi
Composer: Swāthi Thirunāḷ
Language: Hindi

Meanings – Word by word & Overall: R.Shankar – Rasikas.Org

Alignment, Diacriticals & consequent spelling changes, Language & grammar editing, if any and necessary, of existing meaning: Team Ambalam

Chaliye Kunjan Mo Thum Ham Mil Shyām Hari

Dhekho Jamunā Re Bahi Sundhar Athi Nirbhari
(Chaliye)

Choḍiye Kaise Mokun Main Tho Thero Hāth Dhhari
(Chaliye)

Suniye Koyal Ke Bol Piyā Kyā Kahri
(Chaliye)

 

Chaliye Kunjan Mo Thum Ham Mil Shyām Hari

Chaliye = Let Us Go
Kunjan Mo = Into (mo) The Garden (Kunjan)
Thum = You
Ham = Me/Us
Mil = Together/After Meeting
Shyām Hari = Oh! Kriṣhṇa

A young Gopi approaches the lord of Vrundhāvan, and says, oh Kriṣhṇa, let us go to the garden together.

 

Dhekho Jamunā Re Bahi Sundhar Athi Nirbhari
Dhekho = See
Jamunā = The River Yamunā
Re = Addressing Kriṣhṇa (With An Extreme Degree Of Familiarity)
Bahi = Is Flowing
Sundhar = Pretty/Beautiful
Athi = Excessively
Nir = Water
Bhari = Filled Will

Oh Kriṣhṇa! See the beautiful river Yamunā as it flows filled with/ brimming with water!

 

Note: Yamunā (per mythology) is the daughter of the sun god, Sūrya and Chhāyā (the shadow of Sūrya's first wife, Sanjanā). She is the sister of Yama the lord of death and Śhani (saturn) the planet - as a river and a goddess she is described as being fickle - changing course at the drop of a hat, or, a plough (hala hati bhiti)....

 

Choḍiye Kaise Mokun Main Tho Thero Hāth Dhhari

Chodiye = Please Let Go
Kaise = How
Mokun Could Mean "Me" (Mujhe/ Mujhko). Chodiye Kaise Mokun = How Can You Leave Me = Mujhe (Mujhko) Kaise Chod Sakte Ho

Main  Tho = I
Thero = Your
Hāth = Hand
Dhhari = Hold


"Choḍiye Kaise Mokun Main tho Thero Hāth Dhari" Conveys A Different Meaning, I.E., How can you leave me when I have held your hand?

Choḍiye Kaise Mokun - How could you leave me?
Main Tho There Hāth Dhhari - I have held (caught hold of) your hand.


The ever mischevious Kriṣhṇa tries to hold the Gopi's hands, making her aghast at this familiarity. She says how can I hold hands with you in public and walk around this garden? People will misunderstand me, and my reputation will be in tatters. So, please, unhand me, Mohana!

Note: The Gopis are an interesting bunch - they couldn't live without Kriṣhṇa on the one hand, and oh, they felt annoyed when he got too familiar with them.

 

Suniye Koyal Ke Bol Piyā Kya Kahri

Suniye = Please Listen
Koyal Ke = Cuckoo's
Bol = Song/Words
Piyā = Loved One
Kya = What
Keh rahi = Is Saying

The Gopi diverts Kriṣhṇa's attention to that of a cuckoo who is singing the eternal song of love - and says, listen! Do you hear what that cuckoo is saying?

1 Chaliye Kunjana Mo click here












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